Weekly outline

  • General

    TOURIST ATTRACTIONS DEVELOPMENT

    (AT3003)

    Credit : 3

    Master Program, Trisakti Institute of Tourism

    Dr. Diena Mutiara Lemy
    diena.lemy@stptrisakti.ac.id

    ARIEF FAIZAL RACHMAN, SST.Par., M.T.
    arief@stptrisakti.ac.id

    08111928790

    Dear students,

    Welcome to Tourist Attractions Development course. The course will take you to the development of tourist attraction, such as marine and mountainous area , cultural and heritage, rural and urban, the use of world climate for attraction, and last but not least, it is a transportation for tourist attraction development. Hope you will enjoy your trip

    Course Description:

    You will start your trip by finding out:

    • use of geography and spatial aspect that is used for tourist attraction, including climate factor at the destination
    • push and pull factor of travel pattern where people as a host and guest interaction at the destination
    • development process of physic and non-physic at each tourist attraction, such as uniqueness, facilities, infrastructure, transportation and local hospitality
    • it is also important to recognize impacts of development in social, economy, cultural and environment.

    During the course, we urge each of you to:

    • read the materials provided as well as surf the net for more resources
    • follow the schedule diligently
    • participate in the face-to-face meetings
    • participate in online discussion forum
    • do the given assignment anad submit it at the given time
    • work collabotaively in group as well as work on individual basis

    Here are the topics you are going to learn :

    • Introduction to Tourist Attraction Development
    • Marine Tourist Attraction Development
    • Historic Tourist Attraction Development
    • Cultural Tourist Attraction Development
    • Nature Base Tourist Attraction Development
    • Rural Tourist Attraction Development
    • Urban Tourist Attraction Development
    • Transport for Tourist Attraction Development

    References:

    Eiseman JR, F.B. 2012. Bali: Sekala & Niskala: Essay on Religion, Ritual and Art. Hongkong: Tuttle Publishing

    Fridgen, J.D. 1990. Dimensions of Tourism. USA: AHMA Education Institute

    Bell, S. 2008. Design for Outdoor Recreation. New York: Taylor & Francis

    Burton, R. 1995. Travel Geography. London: Pitman Publishing

    Fay, B. 1992. Essential of Tour Management. New Jersey: Prentice Hall

    Gunawan, M.P. 2009. Pergeseran Paradigma Pembangunan Pariwisata Indonesia. Program Studi Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota, Sekolah Arsitektur Perencanaan dan Pengembangan Kebijakan. Proceeding Seminar Internasional Perencanaan Wilayah. Bandung: Institut Teknologi Bandung.

    Halpeny, E.A. 2002. Tourism in Marine Protected Areas dalam Tourism in National Parks and Protected Areas: Planning and Management. Edited by Eagles, P.F.J., McCool, S.F. Canada: CABI Publishing.

    Hall, C.M., Harkonen, T. 2006. Lake Tourism: An Integrated Approach to Lacustrine Tourism System. Great Britain: Cromwell Press.

    Mancini, M. 2000. Selling Destination. New York: Pitman Publishing

    Rachman, A.F., Hutagalung, M.H., Silano, P.R.2013. Pemandu Wisata (Teori dan Praktik: City Tour, Excursion dan Overland Tour). Jakarta: Media Bangsa

    Rachman, A.F. 2014. Geografi Pariwisata Jawa dan Bali. Jakarta: Media Bangsa

    Swarbrooke, J. 2002. The Development and Management of Visitor Attractions. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann

    Show/Hide

  • Introduction: Introduction to Tourist Attraction Development

    Dear students,

    Welcome to your destination, a TOURIST ATTRACTION DEVELOPMENT and you are ready to develop the attraction

    In this introduction you will learn:

    1. Push and pull factor of tourist attraction at destination
    2. Different climate at destination
    3. Type of tourist at the destination
    4. Development of spatial aspects

    What is tourist attraction? Tourist attraction is easy to understand, as long as these (natural or man-made) may attract your attention to visit.

    Why does it need to be developed? Tourist attraction will develop because increasing number of visitors and will more space to accommodate all the services.

    Lets watch the video how tourist attraction are developed:


    So, what do you think about tourist attraction development after watching the video above?

    Let's Discuss about it !

    • PUSH & PULL FACTOR

      Let+++s talk further more about Leiper+++s model of PUSH & PULL FACTOR (1981):

      Push factor includes home, where tourist originating area come from, for example you stay in Jakarta and have a plan to travel to Bali. Meanwhile tourist generating area, where area demand for travel to the destination, it is Jakarta where you live in.

      Travel pattern includes departing tourist, when you leave your home then you go Soekarno-Hatta airport then take an airplane by Lion Air at Terminal III. Lion Air does not have any transit point when flying to Denpasar (it is direct flight). So, after you spend three days in Bali, you are going to fly back Jakarta as your own home country (it is a returning tourist). But if you stay in Bali for working, you are not tourist, you are an immigrant.

      Pull factor includes tourist destination region, where Bali is your destination for your holiday. You stay at Ibis Hotel in Kuta area, visit Kuta beach, Barong and Kris Dance and yo do shopping at Joger and Sukawati Market by local transportation. +

      Marketing as an enabler that influence youself after you see Bali advertising, special offer ticket price and hotel rate. Then you decide to go Bali to prove what the advertising says to you.

      +

      CLIMATE

      Alright, let+++s go to the next point, it is CLIMATE.

      Why is it so important for tourist attraction development?

      You can answer the question by watching the video about world climate that impact to seasons and temperatures of the world below:

      <br />


      What do you think about world climate after watching the video?

      Let's discuss about it.

    • Yes, you are right. Tourist activities also impacted by wind, rainfall, cloud cover, sunshine. It is also could be said that tourist will travel to the different climate from originating area. For example, tourist from European country want to sunbathing in tropical climate, such as Bali. On the other side, tourist from tropical country, such as Indonesia, want to see snow on winter season in European country.

      Type of Tourist

      Next, what is correlation climates to tourist attraction development?

      To answer the question, further more you can see the model of tourist activities (Terjung+++s model, 1966) that explain the temperature and humidity as follows:

      Based on Terjung model (1966) above then we can conclude that tourist outdoor activities include:

      • Beach recreation swimming, it is at level of 40- 50 C where humidity is around 10%-20% (moderate). This you can find in Bali as a tropical tourist destination. You go to Kuta beach, you do swimming and experiencing surf school there. It must be hot.
      • Less strenuous sport, it is a level of 30- 40 C where humidity is around 10% - 30%. Well, you do bicycle tour in Bali is an example of this condition. You are easy to sweat then you need a lot of drinking water to avoid heat stroke because of evaporation on your body.
      • Suitable for most activities, it is a level of 10- 20 C where humidity is around 20% - 80%. In the tropical country like Indonesia, you will have this condition when you visit Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park. There you will have the experience of cool temperature because of elevation of the mountain, it is about 2,7400 m asl from Mount Pananjakan to see sunrise phenomenon.
      • Unsuitable for swimming or pasive recreation, it is a level of 10- 20 C where humidity is around 20% - 80 % (cool climate). Unfortunately, you will not find this in Bali or Java. This one is only in subtropical country with four season all year around, for example in Japan. Do you want to go Japan? It is not good for water tourist activities because it is too cold.
      • Unsuitable for golf, tennis or water based recreation, it is a level of 0- 10 C where humidity is around 20% - 80 % (cold climate). It is a snowy tourist destination. You are Indonesian mostly want to see the natural attraction of snow fall. But it is not comfort to have golf, tennis or waterbased activities, it is freezing. I can not swim within this condition, what about you.
      • Winter sport, it is a level of 0to -10 C where there is no humidity. This is freezing. You only can do winter sport such as skiing, no others. Mostly this only at the area of four season country.
      • Limit for ski-ing, it is a level of -10 to -20 C where there is no humidity. This is absolutely freezing. Only limited people will travel at this temperature, this always happen in polar zone.
      • Seasons and temperatures impacted to tourist clothing when they travel to destination. Even clothing become a fashion style when people traveling. You can watch video about clothing to different temperatures area:

      Show/Hide

      +

      Video Travel Advice


      Video Travel Tips

      What do you think about these videos? Let+++s discuss it

    • +Further more you can see video on type of allocentric tourist as follow:

      What do you think about the video? Let+++s discuss it

    • Yes, you are right. Type of allocentric always find a a challenging destination as they are also an adventurer. Land Rover Camel Trophy is a trully adventure activities that challenge your adrenalin, skill and passion.

      Below is +a type of psychocentric tourist:

      What do you think about the video? Let+++s discuss it

    • Yes, you are right. This type of tourist always look for something modern and luxurious facilities, a lot of crowds at the music festival and so on.+

      And the midcentric tourist is shown on video below

      Let+++s discuss about the type of tourist after you read introduction text and videos above:

    • Yes, you are right. You have recognize your own type of tourist. Then we can conclude that type of tourist is a desires to escape and desires to achieve during traveling at the destination that include psychological aspects, such as motivation.

      TOURIST INDUSTRY

      Next is MOTIVATION OF TOURIST INDUSTRY as your learning point.

      The tourist industry aims to make a profit by supplying the services that enable the tourist to get to, stay in and enjoy the destination. The industry provides transport and accommodation and makes the attractions at the destination (which motivate travel) available to the tourist. The tourist+++s experience, which is the result of enjoyment of all these services combined, can be called the ++++tourist product+++.

      The development of tourist product involved the life-cycle of product in term of marketing. Below you can see figure shown below is Butler+++s model on life-cycle resort development.

      Characteristics of a resort at each stage of the model include:

      • Exploration: a new tourist attraction, such as Kuta Beach in Bali at the era of before 1930s. This is still difficult to access for mass tourism. Facilities is very simple, just provide meals, accommodation and transportation but really amazing nature attraction and culture. Destination unchanged because it is less physical impact. Kuta was a fisherman village.
      • Involvement: Bali was already promoted internationally in Paris 1930. Didn+++t you believe that, did you? Yes, it was. In that year, Bali culture was promoted at the exhibition of colonial countries in Paris. After the independence day 1945 some facilities provided by local people, started with famous name of Poppy street. Visitors numbers increasing but still foreign tourist came. First international hotel built was Kuta Bali Beach.
      • Development: After the 1st Indonesian tourism conference 1950 in Bali, it has been rapid expansion of facilities. Mr. Soekarno as a first president built star hotel in Sanur, it is Sanur Beach Hotel.+ Some non local investment increased investment by non-local companies to develop accommodation, restaurant, natural, cultural and manmade attractions. One of them was visiting foreign tourist in a group. The development still grow till 2002.
      • Consolidation: Growth of visitors number slows down because Kuta was competing with other destination in the world. At the level of national, Kuta also competing with other destination in Indonesia. But still Kuta is still number one beach destination.
      • Stagnation: Kuta is no longer fashionable, lot of land use transform for tourim faciltiies. It needs sustained marketing. Social problem emerge by immigrant of people and drug abuse.
      • Decline: When local investment increases and though tourism was a good business, there was a tragedy in Bali in 2002. What has happened in Bali after 2002. It was the first Bali bombing by terrorist in 2002 at the area of Seminyak. ? +It was the lowest decline process then tourist switch to competing newer resorts out of Indonesia. The tragedy hit nationally to Indonesian tourism.
      • Rejuvenation: Attractions changed to appeal to new market. Indonesian government try to recovery the image of Kuta and Seminyak (Bali)+ and also nationally by anti-terrorist campaign. Now it is already recovered after the works of campaign since 2002 till now, 2015. You can see now nearby Kuta and Seminyak are growing numbers of accommodations and restaurans. But still, impacting to the problem, the more hotel rooms provided, the more competition between them.

      Further more you can see the video of tourist destination product at Blackpool beach, Liverpool, UK:

      Video Tourist Area Life Cycle Model


      Video Tourism Case Study
      <br />

      What do you think about this learning point? Let+++s discuss it..!

    • Yes, you are right. Development of tourist attraction mostly are made by tourist industry. Then we can conclude that tourist industry a profit oriented sector that provide best services to the tourist through attractions, facilities, infrastructures, transportastions, and hospitalities.

      MOTIVATION OF THE HOST COMMUNITY

      Next issue is a MOTIVATION OF THE HOST COMMUNITY.++ +

      Just as the ++++tourist+++ and the ++++tourist industry+++ are made up of many different units or elements, each with different motivations, so is the host community. The host community is defined as the people living and working in the destination resort or region. The host community will normally be made up of the following group:

      • +++++ The holders of local economics power

      For example, the land and property owners, such as group of Indonesian chain hotel of Amaris which is managed by Santika. And the local non-tourist businesses which seek to use local resources such as sea, for non-tourist activities such as fishing in Kepulauan Seribu.

      • ++ + + Holders of local political power

      For example, local politician where in some region in Indonesia represented by member of DPR. So in the legislative house tourism is arranged by the 10th comission. +

      • ++ + + Local residents with little direct/institutionalised power

      The ordinary people who live and work in the locality. The level and type of influence that this group can have on local decision making depends on the host community+++s political organization. For example, a NGO of represented by etnhnic groups, such as Angkatan Muda Siliwangi in West Java, Baladika in Baliand and others.

      • +++++ The government of the country in which destination region is located

      People who wield political and economic decision-making power at the regional or national level. Indonesia has a ministry of tourism for national level. Structurally, in every province and regency the is a tourism authority. The nature and power of this group will vary and also obviously depends on the political and economic organisation of the country concerned. For example, making laws about what the local and visitors population may or may not do at destination.

      Nowadays collaboration of tourist industry and host communities called as Destination Management Organization (DMO). Further more, you can see video about destination management organization.

      Video Destination Management Organization

      Video Destination Management Specialist

      +

      Let+++s discuss the video above

    • Yes, you are right. We can conclude that the way how to manage tourist attraction now is by establishing Destination Management Organization which include all stakeholder at the destination.

      +

      SPATIAL ASPECTS OF TOURIST ATTRACTION DEVELOPMENT

      Alright, we come to the end of last issue of the introduction to Tourist Attraction Development, it is a SPATIAL ASPECTS OF TOURIST ATTRACTION DEVELOPMENT, as it is shown by Burton+++s model.

      There are four stages of spatial aspects the attraction development as follow:

      Stage 1+

      Do you know what is the meaning Kuta beach? Kuta words taken from the sanscript word, meant a fort. It was built by PM. Gajah Mada when invaded Bali island in 14th cenury. Then he built a fort (kuta) on Tuban beach.

      What do you think about stage 1 model? Let+++s discuss it.

    • Yes, you are right. We can conclude that stage 1 provide potential tourism in a destination. The starting point Kuta Beach tourist attraction development is the existence of a populated area (a town/city/country) which has the potential to generate tourist, and the existence of distant potential destination area, but as yet no developed tourist industry to link the two ++++ only transport services and routes that have developed for the other purposes, for example, trade. Previous name was Tuban beach where fisherman village settled here. Just because of words of mouth from traders the beach and its culture, in 1930s visitor started visiting the beach

      Stage 2

      Dutch or European people in the early 1930s had the standard of living as the generating region improves, and affluences begins to spread through the population, the next stage of tourist development takes place.

      What do you think about stage 2 of the model? Let+++s discuss it.

    • Yes, you are right. The proces of economic change itself may accelerate the growth in strength of the ++++push+++ factor motivating people to travel, for example, increased tension or boredom. So more people wish to travel and as they get richer they are more able to travel but they are not adventurous types who are prepared to explore for themselves and take risk. In 1950s after the independence day, first star hotel was built in Sanur, Bali.+

      Stage 3

      As Kuta became more famous, group tourist (midcentric) came to Bali, arranged by local tour operator. Landuse is already hal of the total area. Kuta became more crowded. The first traveler came (allocentric) move to other new beach area, let+++s say Seminyak area as a destination 2.

      What do you think about the model? Let+++s discuss it.

    • Yes, you are right. As soon as the tourist industry begins to bring about changes in the destination through the development of the first commercialised (non-locally provided, non-traditional) tourist accommodation (hotels, campsites), the explores, allocentrics and drifters will abandon the destination and find another, perhaps more distant and little known destination. Stage I of the process will then begin anew in this second destination. Meanwhile, at the first tourist destination, the tourist businesses that were not so prepared to take risks enter the process by replicating services and facilities which have been provided

      Stage 4

      On the model, destination 1 (Kuta beach) is already fully developed, then destination 2 (Seminyak) area reached half of the area. And again, tourist with the typical of allocentric move to a untouched destination 3. In this case, Kerobokan beach is the next destination for allocentric tourist.

      What do you think about the model of stage 4? Let+++s discuss it.

    • Yes, you are right. Affluence continues to increase and spread through the population of the generating region. The destination is well known amongst the population as many midcentrics have been there. The resort/destination is fully developed and has changed drastically from its original state. It now has different attractions and it has the potential to meet the needs of near-psychocentrics, the mass tourist, the organized mass tourist and charter tourist. Subtantial flows of mid- and near psychocentrics tourist now visit the destination but a growing proportion of the midcentrics are now attracted to second more distant destination that has now reach stage II of the process.

      Furthermore you may see the video how a destination is developed by using spatial aspect:

      What do you think about the video? Let+++s have another discussion++

    • Yes, you are right. Then we can conclude that spatial aspect of tourist attraction development is very important. It is because most tourism activities use the spatial from one place to another. This is also used in the term of itinerary of every tour operated to the destination.

      Ok, You already finish this topic. To enrich your knowledge about this topic, you can read the pdf below. After that. you can do the assignment and quiz below.

  • Marine Tourist Attraction Development

    Dear students, welcome to your next destination, it is a BEACH AND COASTAL TOURIST ATTRACTION DEVELOPMENT.

    In this session you will learn:

    1. Nature of beach resort
    2. The evolution of resort land use pattern
    3. Impact of beach resort development on the host region

    I have a question, does any of you do not like to visit beach destination? Infact, the beauty and warm of beach is one of favourite destination for every tourist in the world. Sun, sea and sand are the spirit of tropical tourist attraction in tropical country.

    BEACH RESORT

    What is BEACH RESORT tourist destination?

    Lets take a look to the video how marine tourist attraction

    Show/Hide

    Show/Hide


    So, what do you think about BEACH RESORT tourist attraction after watching the video above?
    Let's Discuss about it.

    • Yes++ , you are right. Thank you for your idea on the discussion. So we conclude marine tourist attraction is developed with its typical geography.

      BEACH RESORT

      Let+++s talk further more about Barret+++s Model of BEACH RESORT (1959):

      Barret+++s model is a simple beach resort that include:

      • You can see the model at the area of Anyer and Carita. The first zone extends out from either end of the RBD. It consist of the most expensive, fully serviced tourist accommodation, that is, hotels, in the prime location overlooking the beach. They are built on the most valuable land, which is intensively developed, for example, with relatively high rise buildings providing as many tourist beds as possible on each site, in order to yield a high enough return to the developer and operator+
      • On the next zone inland, land prices are little lower so density of development is a little lower and, at the time the models were produced, this was a zone dominated by boarding and guest house accommodation.+
      • The next zone contains the cheapest forms of accommodation (bed and breakfast) as a still lower density marging into;+
      • A zone of residential accommodation

      Show/Hide

      According to this model beach resorts are made up of three land use zones. The model may fit to Ancol theme park that facilitated by large hotel area (Mercure ancol and Putri Duyung), railway and busway, residential area and others.

      More information about the model:

      • A specialised beach front zone of tourist amenities including shops and big hotel. The shops tend to only open in the tourist season and cater solely for leisure shopping. This seafront trading zone is known as the Recreational Business Distric (RBD).
      • A commercial core, situated just behind the RBD, consisting of the usual city centre land uses such as non-recreational shops, offices and services such as banks. This is the Central Business District (CBD).
      • Zones of the tourist and residential accommodation, running paralelled to the coast, decreasing in price and density with increasing distance away from the beach.

      Show/Hide+

      What do you think about both beach resort model above? What are the differences?

      Let+++s discuss it.

    • Yes, you are right. Some beach resort already been well developed and some not yet.

      +

      This is interesting because there is a process of development. The process are in some stages. Base on Young+++s beach resort model below, you can see the stages of beach resort evolution. This model suggested that resorts go through various recognisable stages of land use changed, from when the first tourists arrive at an undeveloped destination to the final stage at which fully developed urban beach resort exists.+

      Let+++s take a look deeper to the model of beach resort that is shown below, as a learning point of THE EVOLUTION OF RESORT LAND USE PATTERN.

      +

      Do you get an enlighment from the Young+++s model about the beach evolution? Let+++s discuss it.

    • Yes, you are right. The evoultion of beach resort development took long period of time and changed physical environment and social structure of local community. ++

      Further more explanation are:

      • Stage 1++++ The first tourist arrive This stage roughly covers Buttler+++s ++++exploration+++ stage and Young+++s ++++early traditional+++. Physical impact. Few tourist, no special facilities provided, very little physical impact Economic impact. Existing local services supply food, accommodation etc, to tourist, few new jobs created, but the slight increase in business means that profit from tourism are small but go directly into locals+++ pocket. Social impact. The locals may feel euphoria that their home area are appreciated by outsiders and their pride in their area motivates them to show it to the visitors. The local people retain control over their land and business.+
      • Stage 2 ++++ The first tourist flow Buttler+++s ++++exploration+++ and ++++involvement++++ stage and Young+++s ++++initial tourism+++. Physical impact. Small scale, low cost developments of summer homes and camping provided. Some damage to natural vegetation of the seashore. Economic impact. Land is cheap, some is sold to domestic tourist (for second homes). Local suppliers increase their businesses and a few more jobs are created for local people. Some small scale facilities for tourist provided by local businesses. Social impact. Local people perceived the possibility of big economic benefits from tourism but underestimate future cost to themselves.+
      • Stage 3 ++++ Commercial tourism begins Buttler+++s ++++involvement++++ stage and Young+++s ++++stage 4+++. Physical impact. First luxury hotel, destruction of local habitats and loss of local agricultural land. Some small scale pollution and depletion of local resources since local infrastrucutre such as water supply and sewage disposal, has not yet been improved to meet the new demands. Economic impact. Hotels very profitable ++++ catering for the fashionable upper class market. New jobs created in the new hotels and some more in local businesses. Social impact. Development initiated and controlled by private entrepreuners, some non-local, as locals do not have the capitals for luxury hotel development. Two distinct separate social spheres exit ++++ tourists and locals. Locals may become less enthusiatic about tourism.+
      • Stage 4 ++++ Rapid increase in tourist development Buttler+++s ++++developments++++ stage and Young+++s ++++stage 5+++. Physical impact. Rapid land use change, with the growth of large areas of varied tourist accommodation, with tourist facilities and entertainments. Residential expansion takes place on the inland side of the resort to house immigrants. Pollution problem may ease initially as local infrastructure is improved a little. The house of the original inhabitants (now at the centre of the settlement, in prime sites) are bought up, converted to tourist use or demolished to make way for more intensive building. Economic impact. Land speculation occurs on a big scale ++++ speculators get rich as land prices rise fast. Tourist spending increases as the numbers of tourist grow, and the economic ++++multiplier effect+++ begins to work by creating more tunrover and employment in businesses directly serving the tourist. There is a rapid increase in the number of jobs created by these expanding (tourist and non-tourist) businesses. The local population is too small to provide enough labour so there is rapid immigration (of people seeking jobs) from outside the region into the resort. Central government may encourage these trends. Social impact. There is a rapid decline of local involvement as external tourist companies move in. The local people are marginalised and outnumbered by tourist and immigrants. Locals may move away as they sell up their homes to developers. The developers are large non-local companies controlled by business people who may live out side the resort itself. Local social structures are broken down ++++ there are no ++++real+++ local people left ++++ so local culture is adapted or imported for tourists+++ entertainment.+
      • Stage 5 ++++ Fully developed resort Buttler+++s ++++consolidations++++ stage and Young+++s ++++stage 6+++. Physical impact. Tourist numbers are high and the resort and beach become very congested, noisy and polluted. A great variety of different types of accommodation is built and spreads inland. Major new attractions are developed. Economic impact. Major franchise and chains in the tourist industry are representated, and international chain move in. Local business control only the small-scale budget accommodation. There is growing leakage of profit to businesses based outside the resort and its region. Labour is more expensive and become unionised. Top management jobs go to outsiders and non-national. Social impact. The immigrants perceive themselves as locals and have an ambivalent attitude to the tourist. Imported (western) culture is promoted. Prostituion, crime, and gambling grow. Power shifts towards local and national government as more control over the tourist industry is sought.+
      • Stage 6 ++++ Decline in numbers of tourist Buttler+++s ++++consolidations and decline+++++++. Physical impact. Serious pollution occurs as presures outstrip the capacity of infrastructures and no reinvestment is made. Structural changes occur in tourist accommodation as hotels are converted into apartments (for lower cost holiday) or for other more profitable, non-tourist uses. General lack of investment in the updating and maintenance of the property as declining profits hit the businesses. Economic impact. Tourist businesses fail; some are replaced by non-tourist businesses. Unemployment appears among resort residents Social impact. Social problems increase. Local government loses authority to national government as the problems of the resort are perceived to outweigh the current economic benefits. Next issue is IMPACTS OF BEACH RESORT DEVELOPMENT ON THE HOST REGION at beach resort destination. This models suggest that tourist development on the scale of major urban seaside resort causes very great changes in the host community and the destination itself. These changes may be of four types.

      1. Cultural change Changes way of life, values and beliefs of a host community. This is likely to be the most pronounced when westerners visit exotic cultures. In contrast, domestic seaside tourism may have very little cultural impact.

      2. Social change Change in the social structure and social behaviour of the local community. International and domestic beach tourism may both have considerable impacts on the social behaviour of the local people.

      3. Economic changes The spending power of tourists will change the nature of the local economy and employment structure

      4. Physical impacts The land use models indicate that massive physical change will occurn as a result of the development of big urban beach resort. Other environmental changes (such as increased pollution and loss of wildlife) may not be easily visible but are just as significant.

      Show/Hide

    • So, do you feel the impacts at beach resort destination near by your area? Further more you can see the video about impact tourism in Hawaii.

      Video 1: Impact on Hawaii's Tourism

      Show/Hide

      Video 2: Tourism Case Study

      Show/Hide

      Let+++s discuss it++

    • Yes, you are right. You have recognize the impacts of beach resort as tourist attraction development. The impacts could be possitive or negative. We may maximize the positive impact meanwhile the negative impact could not be avoided.+

      Ok, You already finish this topic. To enrich your knowledge about this topic, you can read the pdf below. After that. you can do the assignment and quiz below.

  • Historic Tourist Attraction Development

    Dear students, welcome to your next destination and you are ready to have time traveler in this HISTORICAL TOURIST ATTRACTION DEVELOPMENT.

    In this session you will learn:

    1. Major world distribution of historic features
    2. Historic resourcesClassification and spatial distribution of historic resource
    3. Dispersed historic resources and the destination life cycle
    4. Grouped historical resoruces in settlement
    5. Impacts of tourism and their management in historic towns

    What is historic resources?

    Historic resources are the surviving physical remnants from past civilisation and past eras. Just like time traveler, your imagination will be back to past time.

    MAJOR WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF HISTORIC FEATURES are very interesting to recognize. This is your first learning point in the session.

    Lets watch the video MAJOR WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF HISTORIC FEATURES:


    So, what do you think about MAJOR WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF HISTORIC FEATURES after watching the video above?

    • Yes++ , you are right. Thank you for joining time traveler from the video above. So we can conclude that world historical sites have+ their value of attraction for tourism. +

      Alright, let+++s go to the next learning point, it is HOWHISTORIC RESOURCES SURVIVE. There are certain geographical factors which enable ancient buildings to survive. Burton (1995) explained how historic resources survive as follow:

      1. Protection from athmospheric weathering - The stonework of ancient buildings is subject to the same process of weathering as the rocks which break down to form the sand and pebles of the beach. Buildings from the past will only survive if this process of weathering is slow. The dry, unpolluted air of the desert has had little effect in weathering the granite monuments. Archaelogical and historic remains may be protected from athmospheric weathering by being covered with the accumulated dust and vegetation of the years. Their preservation depends on the presence or absence of oxygen.
      2. Changes in settlement patterns - Settlements are located at particular sites for many reasons. For example, towns may be located site that were easy to defend, or they may be market centres for rich agricultural regions; they may be sited close to highly localised physical resources (water for power or others) or they may port or river closings. Settlements that retain this function continue to grow and thrive and the old buildings at their original core are renewed and replaced as technological demands change.
      3. Retaining and continuing traditional uses - In contrast to the problems discussed above, some buildings have survived relatively intact because they have retained their original use, and have been maintained but little modified through the centuries. The ancient universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the great chatedrals and churces and some of the historic country houses which are family homes in the English countryside are examples of this in Britain.+
      4. Conservation of historic resources - During the last century there has been a growing realisation of the value of historic features, both for their instrinsic worth and their contribution to the attractiveness of our living environment. Many countries have gradually evolved systems of protective legislation and new approaches to the planning and redevelopment of historic areas which puts the emphasis on the protection and conservation of buildings and features of historic importance.

      Show/Hide

      Why is it so important to know the protection of ancient building?

      You can answer the question by watching the video about a protection of ancient building below:

      +

      What do you think about a protection of ancient building after watching the video?

    • Yes, you are right. It is not easy to preserve ancient building that have been pressured by local settlement, tourism activities and weather at the destination.

      Do you know what kind of things that were clasified as a historical objecs? This going to be your next learning point, it is CLASSIFICATION AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF HISTORIC RESOURCES. Burton (1995) explained that historic attraction include a very wide range of different type of features, and they can be groupped (or classified) in many different ways. Emphasis on the physical character of the resources gives a fourfold classification:


      +

      Further more you can see video of classification of historic resources as follow:

      Well, what do you think about the movie?

    • Yes, you are right. Historical sites provide attraction for people that like to see past time event, just like a time traveler.

      +

      So, how is the development of historical site for tourism? To answer the questions, you will have next learning point, it is DISPERSED HISTORIC RESOURCES AND THE DESTINATION LIFE CYCLE.

      Dispersed historical resources are located in places generally unrelated to modern settlement and communication patterns. Tourist+++ motivation must therefore be quite strong to make the journey to such sites, so the intrinsic qualities of the resources must be high in order to attract them. Isolated historic sites in attractive rural settings form an integral part of the network of countryside attraction, alongside the beauty spots and natural feauters. The process and pressures for their development is similar to that of landscape attractions but the motivations of the owners of historic site and the policy response to their development may be quite different.

      POSSIBLE CYCLE OF DEVELOPMENT OF DISPERSED SITES


      So, how is the development of historical site for tourism near by settlement in a city? To answer the questions, you will have next learning point, it is GROUPED HISTORIC RESOURCES IN SETTLEMENTS AND THE DESTINATION LIFE CYCLE.

      Further more you can see Ashworth+++s and Tunbridge+++s model (1990) propose a model evolution of the historic city:

    • +

      Single outstanding historic buildings do sometimes occur as individual attractions a city, isolated in a mattrix of modern development, where comprehensive redevelopment has swept away their original context. But the nature of urban change more often leads to buildings being replaced one by one over a long period of time.

      +

      Further more you can see video of Revitalisation of Jakarta Old Town Program as follow:

      What is your idea about the historic city that influenced by tourist activities? Let+++s discuss it.

    • Ok, You already finish this topic. To enrich your knowledge about this topic, you can read the pdf below. After that. you can do the assignment and quiz below.

  • Cultural Tourist Attraction Development

    Welcome to THE CULTURAL ATTRACTION TO TOURIST.This is you first learning point in this topic.

    First, you will see type of tourist such as Wanderlusters and Sunlusters that demanded to see the cultural attraction.

    Wanderlusters are tourist who visit more than one destination and actively seeking cultural experiences of exotic cultures such as tours to the hilltribes of Thailand (this is termed ethnic tourism by Harron and Weilter, 1992) in Burton (1995) to visit to other countries where the tourist enjoys the different culture as part of the tourist experience but it is more a backdrop to sightseeing activitiy rather than the specific focus of travel. This second form of tourism is more generally known as cultural tourism.

    Further more you can see a video of type of wanderluster in Bali:

    Show/Hide

    Sunlusters are tourist tend to visit one destination which is chosen for its physical character (be it the sun and beach, water resources for water sport or snow fields for skiing, etc.). The culture of the people in whose region or country these resources occur is of no particular interest to the sunluster, whose motivation is recreation, relaxation and entertainment. This type of tourist is a more passive recipient of cultural experiences and tends to culturally familiar form of entertaiment.

    Further more you will see a video of sunluster activities in Bali:

    Show/Hide

    What do you think about both video above? Lets discuss it

    • Yes, you are right. We can conclude cultural tourist is most attractive destination for tourist because the interaction between host and guest at the destination, both wanderluster (more interaction) and sunluster tourist (less interaction).

      Next learning point is CULTURAL RESOURCES that you will see world pattern of culture. This is how you see different culture of the world that could attract people to travel.

      Different cultures have evolved in different parts of the world as a result of people+++s varied social organisation and unique adaptation to their physical environment, their different histories and styles of economic and politic development.

      Indonesian anthropologist, Prof. Koentjaraningrat stated the elements of cultures into,

      +

      +

      On the other hand, there are also some completely non-westernised parts of the world where people still live in a traditional way, with their own unique pattern of social organisation, customs and religion which the tourist is unlikely to understand unaided. These areas tend to to be small, isolated and unaccesible, qualities that have protested the cultures from change. It is these cultures that form the resource for specialised form of cultural tourism known as ethnic tourism. One of example in Indonesia is Baduy ethnic that live in the jungle of Banten Province.

      Further more, you can see a video of world culture as a tourist attraction:

      What do you think about culture as a tourist attraction? Let+++s talk about it in discussion forum.

    • Yes, you are right. We can conclude cultural tourist attraction is more about the interaction between host and guest, when the scheme of ++++ethnic tourism+++ is more to be untouch wilderness area and non-westernised.

      +

      MANMADE AND ENTERTAINMENT RESOURCES is your next learning point.

      On the face of it, manmade attraction and entertainment resources may seem to be very different in nature from the cultural resources described above. Cultural resources are very much tied to specific locations where particular groups of people live. Manmade facilities on the other hand can be created wherever man chooses to build them. This attractions can be seen as trappings of contemporary westernised culture, generated by certain social and physchological needs created by modern western society. These include:

      1. The need for thrills, risk taking and cathartic experiences | +++| Spectators sports events & Sky lift rides in the theme park
      2. The need for entertainment, relaxation and social contact. Activities meeting these needs include | +++| Concert, shows, cabaret, films, theatre, festivals, carnavals; Drinking and eating out; and Entertaiment spectacles at, for example theme parks
      3. Consumerism ++++ the need to purchase non-essential and luxury goods. Activities meeting these include| +++| Leisure shopping & +Visiting exhibition

      Show/Hide

      Further more you can see a famous manmade and entertainment tourist attraction in Jakarta, that is Taman Mini Indonesia Indah.

      +

      So, what do you think about the video? Let+++s discuss about it.

    • Yes, you are right. Manmade and entertainment attractions are part of cultural destination, especially TMII as an artificial Indonesian culture.

      +

      There is alwyas impacts to every destination, this happen also to cultural destination. IMPACTS OF CULTURAL AND ETHNICS TOURISM is your next learning point. Living cultures are inevitably always changing. Westernisation is just one force for change, For example, the Thai hilltribes have been greatly influenced by the action of the central Thai goverment, while in Bali, Balinese cultur and Balinese identitiy are being redefined in terms of their contribution to Indonesia national culture.

      The cultural and social change that have been attributed to tourism include:


      Material and non-material arts are+ thus ++++commoditised+++ ++++ changed from being produced for their cultural meaning to being commodities produced for sale. Again Cohen (1992) in Burton (1995) confirms that, through this type of process, tourism may change and sometimes destroy local cultures, but he states that ethnics arts were historically in a process of permanent though often slow, change under the impact of internal forces and external contact.

      +

      Further more you can see a video of tourism impact to local culture:

      Show/Hide

      Show/Hide

      What do you think about the video? Let+++s discuss this point.

    • Last issue in this topis is CYCLE OF TOURISM AND CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE. As it is a process of development, cultural tourist attraction have stages in it. The model of Thai Hilltribe has similairty with the stages of the cycle of tourist development based on Butler+++s.

      • Stage 1. Unvisited village and Stage 2. Explorer village (exploration) | A new tourist attraction, such as Penglipuran Village in Bali at the era of before 1930s. This is still difficult to access for mass tourism. No facilities provided. Hard to access and transportation but really amazing nature attraction and culture. Destination unchanged because it is less physical impact. Penglipuran is a cultural village.+
      • Stage 3. Remote village Involvement |+The cultural of village was already promoted internationally in Paris 1930. Didn+++t you believe that, did you? Yes, it was. In that year, Bali culture was promoted at the exhibition of colonial countries in Paris. But still after the independence day 1945 still no tourist facilities provided by local people.+
      • Stage 4. Trekking village Development |+After the 1st Indonesian tourism conference 1950 in Bali, still the village provided only a toilet and small shop that run by locals. It is promoted by local tourism authority.+
      • Stage 5 Village tour | Consolidation and stagnation Growth of visitors number because the unique landscape of Penglipuran village. Penglipuran village is still a cultural village for locals with their Hinduism principle. This going to be a long life village tour.+
      • Decline: Barely no decline of tourist visitation. This is a unique selling point of Penglipuran Village.+
      • Rejuvenation: The village is always rejuvenated by local ceremony within their traditional event calendar.

      Show/Hide

      What make it different is in the model cultural attraction there is a behaviour of authenticity of culture. The more developed of cultural village tourism the the less authenticity is. But it is not applicable to Penglipuran Village because the authenticity is still conserved by local awig-awig (custom). Below the model of cultural tourism life cycle product:

      What do you think about the model shown above? Let+++s discuss it

    • Yes, you are right. We can conclude that life cycle of cultural tourism product has the special behaviour of its authenticity. It will decrease when there is a growing tourism industry at the destination. So you need to rejuvenate the strategy to attract new tourist and keep the authenticity.

      Ok, You already finish this topic. To enrich your knowledge about this topic, you can read the pdf below. After that. you can do the assignment and quiz below.

  • Nature Base Tourist Attraction Development

    How are you? Hope you are all fine. Are you ready to go to next destination? Now you are going to go nature base tourism and wilderness tourist attraction development. Since the 1960s there has been a growing interest in and awareness of the worlds wildlife and natural environment and mans impact on them.

    So, your first learning point in this topic is INTRODUCTION of wildlife and wilderness use for tourism. Your learning points are:

    • Nature based tourism | Nature based tourism involves travel to places for activities and experiences that are entirely depending on nature. Valentine (1992) in Burton (1995) defines nature based tourism as being primarily concerned with the direct enjoyment of some relatively undisturbed phenomenon of nature. Nature based tourism can therefore be distinguished from activity or adventure tourism such as climbing, skiing or sailing; the enjoyment of these pursuits may be enhanched by an undisturbed natural setting but is not entirely dependent on it.
    • Wilderness tourism | The appreciation of wild nature is also an intergral part of wilderness experience; wilderness tourist will seek the same undisturbed wild places as nature tourist. However, the wilderness tourist also requires solitude as an essential part of the wilderness experience (Hall, 1991) in Burton (1995).
    • Ecotourism | Many writers think of nature as being the same as ecotourism. Ceballos-Lascurain (1987) provide a widely quoted definition of ecotourism: travelling to relatively undisturbed or contaminated natura areas with the specific objective of studying, admiring and enjoying the scenery and its wild plants and animals, as well as any existing cultural manifestation (both past and present) found in the areas (Jenner dan Smith, 1992) in Burton (1995).

    Show/Hide

    Further more you can see a video below:


    What do you think about the video? I think it is amazing. So, lets discuss about it.

    • Yes, you are right. The concept of undisturbed of wilderness is amazing. We never see the process of sea turtle eggs hatching then come the new baby turle that run to sea.

      Next is MOTIVATION OF NATURE BASED TOURIST as your sub topic. The learning points are:


      Further more you can see a video about it:

      +

      What do you think about the video? Let+++s discuss it.

    • Yes, you are right. We can conclude that education trips to marine national park of Kepulauan Seribu is very useful for tourist that have combination motives between leisure and scientific trip.

      Alright, let+++s go to the next sub topic, that is THE IMPACT OF NATURE BASED TOURISM. This topic has learning points as follow:

      Carrying Capacity

      Impact of nature based tourism also dealing with the carrying capacity. In theory it is possible to relate tourist numbers to a quantified assesment of their impact. Ecological carrying capacity represent ++++an amount of tourist use above which unacceptable ecological results will occur and which can only be corrected by reduced use+++.

      Further more you can see a video of carrying capacity below:

      Show/Hide

      Show/Hide

      So, what do you think about the video? Let+++s discuss it++

    • Yes, you are right. We can conclude that carrying capacity is a tool to keep the sustainablity quality of destination (physical, social and environment) to satisfy tourist expectation and welfare of locals.+

      +

      This is your last sub topic in this session, it is WILDERNESS AND NATURE BASED TOURISM AND THE DESTINATION LIFE CYCLE. This sub topic has stages as learning points:

      +

      +

      Further more, you can see a video about life cycle of nature destination:

      So, how is the video? Let+++s discuss it.

    • Yes, You are right. There is an enclave area at national park of Halimun Salak that lived there 600 hundred years ago. This become unique, where you can enjoy the beauty of park and also ethnic group of ancient Sundanese at the area.

      Ok, You already finish this topic. To enrich your knowledge about this topic, you can read the pdf below. After that. you can do the assignment and quiz below.

  • Rural Tourist Attraction Development

    Welcome back, you are in the sixth topic of the sesson, a RURAL TOURIST ATTRACTION DEVELOPMENT.

    THE NATURE OF RURAL TOURISM is first sub topic.

    The attraction of rural landscape depends on the qualities of their landform and land use. Most rural areas (other than untouched wilderness area) are used for some form of economic production (forestry or agriculture) and their landscape are, therefore, highly influenced and modified by mans acitivity, although by definition they contain no large urban developments. Rural areas do, however contain scattered settlements (farm, hamlet, village and small towns) but are characterised by low overall population densities. Tourism is attracted into these regions by their climate, natural features, landscape quality and rural way of life: because traditional agriculture creates the landscape and sustains the way of life, there is a very delicate relationship between tourism and agriculture.

    Rural tourism can be classified into:

    Further more about rural tourism, you can see a video below:

    Show/Hide

    Show/Hide

    Let's discuss about these videos above !

    • Yes, you are right. Then we can can conclude that the most important resources for rural tourist attraction is physical and social resources. Both resources are still in traditional daily life agriculture landform.+

      +

      Your next sub topic is TOURIST CYCLE IN RURAL REGIONS.+ As a tourism product, rural areas as a destination has its life cycle. The learning points in this session are:


      +

      Further more you can see the Gunn+++s model below:

      +

      +

      So, what do you think about Gunn+++s model of rural destination? Let+++s dicuss about it.

    • Yes, you are right. We can conclude that a typical dispersed tourist attraction shown by Gunn+++s model at rural area.

      +

      Meanwhile, the cycle of development of activity or special interest rural tourist resources is a little different from that of landscape resources. This is because:

      • The resources is generally spatially concentrated in particular locations
      • There is a higher proportion of the ++++sunluster+++ (or, in the cases, snowluster, rock climb-luster, caveluster) type of tourist amongst the visitors than wanderlusters/allocentrics.
      • The supply of top quality resources is limited.

      Your next sub topics are some IMPACTS OF TOURISM IN RURAL REGIONS as follows:

      SOSIAL IMPACTS

      The smaller scale of employment generated by rural tourism, and its extreme seasonal nature make it unlikely that tourism triggers off large scale immigration of tourism workers into rural regions, although it may provide enough local jobs to slow down population decline. These factors are great importance, for the ++++touring+++ visitors and those seeking to participate in rural way of life as they expect to met friendly, local people and value contact with genuine local residents as part of their holiday experince.

      +

      Further more you can see a video below:

      Show/Hide

      +

      +

      2.++++++ ECONOMIC IMPACT

      Tourism spending in rural regions triggers off the same economic processes as in other destinations, but local benefit varies with the type of tourist development. Second homes tend to generate less economic benefit as visitors may bring provisions with them and use local services and tourist attraction less, while bed and breakfast tends to generate bigger income multipliers as more of the expenditure is retained locally than with other types of service accommodation, i.e. hotels.

      +

      Further more you can see video below:

      Show/Hide

      PHYSICAL IMPACT

      In addtion to the changes in the settlements pattern and in the density of accommodation and attractions, rural tourism has an impact on the land and landscape itself. These imopacts may be temporary or permanent.

      Temporary impacts. These include the visual impacts of the tourists themselves, their cars, caravan and tents, all of wihich vanish when the tourist leave. There may also be the temporary ecological effects of visitors on vegetation and wildlife. At low intensities of use, birds and animals will return to their territories after the tourists have gone.

      Permanent impacts. Tourist developments such as car parks and road and footpath improvements, will all have a cumulative and permanent visual impact on the landscape. The rural ladnscape gradually becomes more urbanised. At high intensities of use, ecological impact may become irreversible, for example causing soil errosion or wildlife breeding.+

      +

      Further more you can see a video below:

      +

      Show/Hide

      What do you think about both video? Let+++s discuss it.

    • Ok, You already finish this topic. To enrich your knowledge about this topic, you can read the pdf below. After that. you can do the assignment and quiz below.

  • Urban Tourist Attraction Developement

    After exploring the rural tourism development, today you will learn other side of tourit development.

    Welcome to next destination, URBAN TOURIST ATTRACTION DEVELOPMENT as your topic.

    The sub topic is A NATURE OF URBAN TOURISM. Urban tourism is tourism that takes place in towns and cities where historic heritage is not the main attracation, even though the settlement may have some buildings pre-dating the industrial revolution. Urban tourism includes wide range of activities and experiences from sightseeing, visiting cultural attraction (e.g. art galleries, concerts, opera, shows, musuem etc.), attending special events, leisure shopping, eating out and drinking, meeting people (e.g. friend and relatives), dancing and so on.

    Further more you can see a video of urban tourism from UNWTO:

    What do you think about the video? Lets discuss it

    • Yes, you are right. We can conclude that urban rescources with good manmade attraction, facilities, infrastructures, transportations and hospitalities attract tourist.

      This session+ has learning points as follow:

      1. THE URBAN TOURIST

      +

      Further more you can see a video of tourist visit Singapore as an urban city:

      +

      So, what do you think about the video? Let+++s discuss it.

    • Yes, you are right. Singapore as an urban tourism destination has a+ lot of attraction that can attract tourist to do lot things in their visit, whether tradiitonal or modern attraction. For Indonesian people, Singapore is still most favourite shopping destination.

      +

      2.+LOCATION OF TOURISM WITHIN THE CITY

      This is your next sub topic.+ Jansen-Verbeker in Burton (1995) +makes the distincton between the ++++primary+++, ++++secondary and ++++conditional+++ elements of the inner city as a tourist product.

      The primary elements attract the tourist and consist of (as learning points):


      +

      Further more, you can see a video below:

      So, what do you think about the video? Let+++s discuss it

    • Yes, you are right. We can conlude that manmade attraction, facilities and infrastructures design the urban resources into a touristic character, then finally this will attract visitors.

      +

      3.+IMPACTS OF URBAN TOURIST DEVELOPMENT :


      a.Economic impacts

      Tourists+++ impact on local economies is made via the money they spend in the tourist destination (in this case, in city). The money they spend+ (for example in a shop or hotel) is used to pay the hotel or shop staff, to buy supplies and so on. This money is ++++re-spent+++ by others (i.e the hotel or shop staff, the business suppliers etc.) This respending of money (which creates additional incomes to others) is called ++++multiplier effect+++. The tourist multiplier can be define as ++++the number by which initial tourist expenditure must be multipiled in order to obtain the totall cumulative income effect+ for a specified period+++ (Mathieson and Wall, 1992) in Burton (1995). + +

      +

      Further more you can see a video of economic impacts to tourism:

      So, what do you think about the video? Let+++s discuss it

    • Yes, you are right. We can conclude that the economic impact in urban tourist took from tourist spending that will create multipliers effect at the destination.

      b.+The impacts of specific types tourist attraction or facilities

      Permanent new arts, conventions and sports facilities in a city may particularly influence businesses in their choice of business location. A combination of special events and new facilities appear to have good effect, for example in the are of BSD Serpong a new residential within decades has been already built mall, universities (SGU, Prasetya Mulya and Binus) and Indonesian Convention Exhibition (ICE). Some new cites are emerged to develop by big developer at the suburban area at the area. +

      Further more you can see a video of ICE as follow:

      ++

      So, what do you think about the area? Let+++s discuss it

    • Yes, you are right. We can conclude that new city was established based on service industry by providing attraction, infrastructures and facilities at the destination.

      c.+Social impacts

      Jakarta as an urban tourism attract visitors that interacted with local community. Jalan Jaksa is one of the tourist attraction in Jakarta for foreigner visitors, especially for those who travel in backpackers. Main reason they visit Jalan Jaksa mainly because of low cost accommodation budget. There is high interaction between locals of Jalan Jaksa and foreign tourist. The interaction is in a process of room booking, meals and daily activitiy.

      d.+Physical impacts

      Some physical changes impated while there is an event of Jakarta Street Festival. New street decoration and street vendor design installed along Jaksa street. Crowded of visitors every day impacted the area. Provision of parking area and shelter for visitors also impacted phisically.

      Ok, You already finish this topic. To enrich your knowledge about this topic, you can read the pdf below. After that, you can do the assignment and quiz below.

  • Transport for Tourist Attraction Development

    Welcome to the last topic of the subject, it is a TRANSPORTATION FOR TOURIST ATTRACTION DEVELOPMENT. If you remember the Plogs model of Push and Pull Factor in the first topic, there will be a role of travel pattern or what kind of mode transportation you will use to get destination and how you get back to your own home country.

    It is impossible for people to get to the destination without any mode of transportation, because you are not bird that can fly or a fish that can swim cross the ocean or a horse that run on the road or there is a technology just like a jumper movie. Lets take a look of jumper movie clip below:


    So, what do you think about the movie? Lets discuss it

    • Yes, you are right. We can conclude that human transportation today still used geography resources. Generally, you can see there are three kind of transportation that can be used for tourism services they are land, water and air transportation. The use of transportations in tourism industry is not easy as you can imagine. Later we will learn the means of transport and networks of routes.

      So the issues of this topic are:

      Further more you can the video below:

      So, how is the video? Let+++s discuss it

    • Yes, you are right. We can conclude public sector has an important role to establish road networks infrastrucutre in Indonesia. The operation of toll road in Indonesia is managed by PT. Jasa Marga Indonesia.+ +

      Further more you can see a video of Kelok 9 in West Sumatera:

      How is the video? Let+++s discuss it

    • Yes, you are right. We can conclude the provision of road sometimes deals with geography characters. This is a unique flyover because it is built at the mountainous area.

      Train as on land transportation is mass transportation. This can carry hundred people once when it is operated. Railway can climb at only very gentle gradients, and are much more limited in their choice of available routes through mountainous area. Railways need the construction of bridge (when cross the river), viaduct and tunnel (cutting the valley). It is very expensive to build and maintain. ++

      Further more you can the video of Shinkansen bullet train below:

      What do you think about the video? I think this is amazing++ , let+++s discuss it.+

    • Yes, you are right. We can conclude that rail network for Shinkansen is using Maglev technology that make train run very fast. Last record of new shinkansen can reach till 603 Kmh. That+++s a new world record.+

      Further more you can see a video of world airport with their typical geography.

      How is the video? It is amazing, isn+++t it?

    • Yes, you are right. We can conclude airport location need a huge wide area if it is used for jet airplane with minimum of runaway is 3000 m length. Some small airport located at the mountain area or beach.+ +

      Further more you can see a video of Port of Ketapang:

      Well, how is the video? Let+++s discuss it

    • Yes, you are right. Port of Ketapang (in Java Island) and Port of Gilimanuk (Bali Island) are the most important to serve tourist mobility from Java to Bali Island. There many overland tour (inbound and domestic tour) that use the services. It is one hour crossing Bali strait by local ferry.

      +

      Further more you can see a video of traffic congestion at Puncak area on public holiday.

      Well, how is the video? Let+++s discuss it

    • Yes, you are right. Car travel is comfort for the families that travel to destination of Puncak. It is because there is no suitable public transportation for family holiday yet.

      +

      Further more you can see a video of Bus City Tour Jakarta:

      Well, what do you think about the video? Let+++s discuss it

    • Yes, you are right. We can conclude that+ city tour bus services in Jakarta is one of inovated system for visitor of Jakarta that will enjoy city tour with an free and easy way. You do not have a book for a tour, just go show then enjoy the tour. But it is still limited for itinerary arrangement, not all places of interest in Jakarta will be visited by the bus service. For example Fatahillah Square+ Jakarta old town.

      Further more you can see a video of Ambarawa:

      +

      So, how is the video? This is a unique attraction, isn+++t it? Let+++s discuss it

    • Yes, you are right. We can conclude that Ambarawa tourist train a combination between histrical site of train history with the enjoyment of travel with it. Can you the boys those stay surrounding the railway? Yeah, they make kind of small wooden riding that could be track on the railway.

      Air transport is a system of technology that use airplane, airport and social aspect to serve departure and arrival passenger. Further more you can see animation below to see a IATA tomorrow air transport services:

      What do you think about the animation? Let+++s discuss it.

    • Yes, you are right. IATA stands for International Air Transport Association that make regulation of commercial air transport services. So, the animation show us a future one stop air transport services easily, starting from first time booking, payment, passport and visa clearance, departure and arrival services.

      Further more you can see a video of Royal Carribean ++++Oasis of the Seas+++:

      Alright, how is the video? It is like a floating hotel on the ocean. Let+++s discuss it

    • Yes, you are right. Cruise line industry is one of big industry in tourism. By visiting different island at different country, cruise line provide new destination to the passenger. A concept of community on board is amazing because you can find anything just like you are in the mainland. Just get out there and fun++ !

      Ok, You already finish this topic. To enrich your knowledge about this topic, you can read the pdf below. After that, you can do the assignment and quiz below.

  • 30 January - 5 February

    The Management of Visitor Attractions

    • 6 February - 12 February

      Final Assignment
      Keterangan:
      1. Waktu ujian adalah 150 menit dan merupakan ujian buku terbuka (open book).
      2. Kerjakan semua soal yang tersedia.
      3. Total nilai ujian adalah 100 (seratus) poin. Setiap soal mempunyai bobot nilai yang sama.
      4. Peserta harus dapat memberikan jawaban secara jelas dan sistematik.

      • 13 February - 19 February

        The Management of Visitor Attractions

        • 20 February - 26 February

          The Management of Visitor Attractions

          • 27 February - 4 March

            Case Study

            • 5 March - 11 March

              FINANCING VISITOR ATTRACTION PROJECTS

              • 12 March - 18 March

                • 19 March - 25 March